# Install the "UsingR" package.
# install.packages("UsingR")
# Load the "UsingR" library quietly by suppressing startup message.
# Reference: "Package 'startupmsg'". April 23, 2016. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/startupmsg/startupmsg.pdf
suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(UsingR))
## Warning: package 'HistData' was built under R version 3.4.4
library(UsingR)
# Use the diff function to compute differences between successive prime numbers.
diff(primes)
## [1] 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 6 2 6 4 2 4 6 6 2 6 4 2 6 4 6
## [24] 8 4 2 4 2 4 14 4 6 2 10 2 6 6 4 6 6 2 10 2 4 2 12
## [47] 12 4 2 4 6 2 10 6 6 6 2 6 4 2 10 14 4 2 4 14 6 10 2
## [70] 4 6 8 6 6 4 6 8 4 8 10 2 10 2 6 4 6 8 4 2 4 12 8
## [93] 4 8 4 6 12 2 18 6 10 6 6 2 6 10 6 6 2 6 6 4 2 12 10
## [116] 2 4 6 6 2 12 4 6 8 10 8 10 8 6 6 4 8 6 4 8 4 14 10
## [139] 12 2 10 2 4 2 10 14 4 2 4 14 4 2 4 20 4 8 10 8 4 6 6
## [162] 14 4 6 6 8 6 12 4 6 2 10 2 6 10 2 10 2 6 18 4 2 4 6
## [185] 6 8 6 6 22 2 10 8 10 6 6 8 12 4 6 6 2 6 12 10 18 2 4
## [208] 6 2 6 4 2 4 12 2 6 34 6 6 8 18 10 14 4 2 4 6 8 4 2
## [231] 6 12 10 2 4 2 4 6 12 12 8 12 6 4 6 8 4 8 4 14 4 6 2
## [254] 4 6 2 6 10 20 6 4 2 24 4 2 10 12 2 10 8 6 6 6 18 6 4
## [277] 2 12 10 12 8 16 14 6 4 2 4 2 10 12 6 6 18 2 16 2 22 6 8
## [300] 6 4 2 4
# Show the frequencies of the above differences.
table(diff(primes))
##
## 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 34
## 1 61 64 79 26 29 19 10 2 6 2 2 1 1
# Show the barplot of these differences.
barplot(table(diff(primes)), ylim = c(0,80), xlab = "Difference", ylab = "Frequency", col = "lightblue")
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png)
# Display first few rows of "coins" dataset as a table of frequencies.
head(table(coins))
## value
## year 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.25
## 1929 2 1 0 0
## 1936 0 0 1 0
## 1939 0 0 1 0
## 1955 0 0 0 1
## 1959 1 0 0 0
## 1960 1 0 0 0
# Display "coins" dataset as a table of frequencies by denomination, excluding years.
table(coins$value)
##
## 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.25
## 203 59 42 67
# Multiply the sum of coins in each denomination and multiply by denomination.
table(coins$value) * c(as.numeric(levels(factor(coins$value))))
##
## 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.25
## 2.03 2.95 4.20 16.75
# Display the sum of frequency of values in the "coins" table.
sum(coins$value)
## [1] 25.93
barplot(table(coins$year), xlab = "Year", ylab = "Number of Coins", col = "lightblue")
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-2.png)
# Display the first few items of "south" dataset.
head(south)
## [1] 12 10 10 13 12 12
# Display the "south" dataset as a stemplot.
stem(south)
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 0 | 6788
## 1 | 000011122222334444
## 1 | 6688
## 2 | 0
## 2 | 59
## 3 | 3
# Display the five-number summary of 'south'.
f <- fivenum(south)
f
## [1] 6 10 12 16 33
# Display the lower and upper outlier range values.
g <- c(f[2] - 1.5*(f[4] - f[2]), f[4] + 1.5*(f[4] - f[2]))
g
## [1] 1 25
# Create a vector containing the values of south which are below the lower outerlier (L)
# and above the upper outerlier (U). Sort the results.
sort(c(south[which(((south > c(g[2])) == TRUE), ((south < c(g[1])) == TRUE))]))
## [1] 29 33
# Show horizontal boxplot of "south".
boxplot(south, horizontal = TRUE, xaxt = "n", xlab = "Values of south", col = "lightblue")
# View the five-number summary of south on x-axis.
axis(side = 1, at = fivenum(south), labels = TRUE)
# Display value representations of five-number summary above boxplot.
text(fivenum(south), rep(1.25, 5), srt=90, adj=0,
labels = c("Min", "Lower Hinge", "Median", "Upper Hinge", "Max"))
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-3.png)
# Display pi2000 as a table, showing frequencies of each digit of the dataset.
table(pi2000)
## pi2000
## 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 181 213 207 189 195 205 200 197 202 211
# Divide each value of pi2000 by the length of the pi2000 dataset.
# Multiply the results by 100; results are percentages of their frequencies.
(table(pi2000) / length(pi2000)) * 100
## pi2000
## 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 9.05 10.65 10.35 9.45 9.75 10.25 10.00 9.85 10.10 10.55
# Display historgram of pi2000; include breaks to show separate frequency values of 0 and 1.
hist(pi2000, breaks = -1:10, col = "lightblue")
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-4.png)
S <- cbind(c(25, 20), c(10, 40), c(15, 30))
S
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 25 10 15
## [2,] 20 40 30
rownames(S) <- c("Men", "Women")
S
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## Men 25 10 15
## Women 20 40 30
colnames(S) <- c("NFL", "NBA", "NHL")
S
## NFL NBA NHL
## Men 25 10 15
## Women 20 40 30
dimnames(S) <- list(Gender = rownames(S), Sport = colnames(S))
dimnames(S)
## $Gender
## [1] "Men" "Women"
##
## $Sport
## [1] "NFL" "NBA" "NHL"
S
## Sport
## Gender NFL NBA NHL
## Men 25 10 15
## Women 20 40 30
# Display marginal distributions for Gender.
margin.table(S, 1)
## Gender
## Men Women
## 50 90
# Display marginal distributions for Sport.
margin.table(S, 2)
## Sport
## NFL NBA NHL
## 45 50 45
addmargins(S)
## Sport
## Gender NFL NBA NHL Sum
## Men 25 10 15 50
## Women 20 40 30 90
## Sum 45 50 45 140
# Display proportional data for Gender.
prop.table(S, 1)
## Sport
## Gender NFL NBA NHL
## Men 0.5000000 0.2000000 0.3000000
## Women 0.2222222 0.4444444 0.3333333
# Display proportional data for Sport.
prop.table(S, 2)
## Sport
## Gender NFL NBA NHL
## Men 0.5555556 0.2 0.3333333
## Women 0.4444444 0.8 0.6666667
# Display the mosaic plot for the data.
mosaicplot(S, color = c("light blue", "pink", "light green"))
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-5.png)
# Display the barplot for Gender.
barplot(t(S), xlab = "Gender", beside = TRUE, legend = TRUE, main = "Sport Preferences by Gender",
ylim = c(0, 50), col = c("red", "blue", "purple"))
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-6.png)
# Display the barplot for Sport.
barplot(S, xlab = "Sport", beside = TRUE, legend = TRUE, main = "Gender Preferences by Sport",
ylim = c(0, 50), col = c("light blue", "pink"))
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-7.png)
# Display the first few rows of "midsize" dataset.
head(midsize)
## Year Accord Camry Taurus
## 1 2004 16390 19560 20490
## 2 2003 14795 16010 10817
## 3 2002 12893 13965 8633
## 4 2001 10949 10884 7620
## 5 2000 9630 9830 6340
## 6 1999 8287 8328 5308
# Display a pair-wise plot for "midsize".
pairs(midsize)
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-8.png)
# Display the first few rows of "MLBattend" dataset.
head(MLBattend)
## franchise league division year attendance runs.scored runs.allowed wins
## 1 BAL AL EAST 69 1062069 779 517 109
## 2 BOS AL EAST 69 1833246 743 736 87
## 3 CLE AL EAST 69 619970 573 717 62
## 4 DET AL EAST 69 1577481 701 601 90
## 5 NYA AL EAST 69 1067996 562 587 80
## 6 WAS AL EAST 69 918106 694 644 86
## losses games.behind
## 1 53 0.0
## 2 75 22.0
## 3 99 46.5
## 4 72 19.0
## 5 81 28.5
## 6 76 23.0
# Store wins values for BAL in "wvBAL"
wvBAL <- c(MLBattend$wins[which(MLBattend$franchise == "BAL")])
# Display wins values vector for BAL.
wvBAL
## [1] 109 108 101 80 97 91 90 88 97 90 102 100 59 94 98 85 83
## [18] 73 67 54 87 76 67 89 85 63 71 88 98 79 78 74
# Store wins values for BOS in "wvBOS"
wvBOS <- c(MLBattend$wins[which(MLBattend$franchise == "BOS")])
# Display wins values vector for BOS.
wvBOS
## [1] 87 87 85 85 89 84 95 83 97 99 91 83 59 89 78 86 81 95 78 89 83 88 84
## [24] 73 80 54 86 85 78 92 94 85
# Store wins values for DET in "wvDET"
wvDET <- c(MLBattend$wins[which(MLBattend$franchise == "DET")])
# Display wins values vector for DET.
wvDET
## [1] 90 79 91 86 85 72 57 74 74 86 85 84 60 83 92 104 84
## [18] 87 98 88 59 79 84 75 85 53 60 53 79 65 69 79
# Store wins values for LA in "wvLA"
wvLA <- c(MLBattend$wins[which(MLBattend$franchise == "LA")])
# Display wins values vector for LA.
wvLA
## [1] 85 87 89 85 95 102 88 92 98 95 79 92 63 88 91 79 95
## [18] 73 73 94 77 86 93 63 81 58 78 90 88 83 77 86
# Store wins values for PHI in "wvPHI"
wvPHI <- c(MLBattend$wins[which(MLBattend$franchise == "PHI")])
# Display wins values vector for PHI.
wvPHI
## [1] 63 73 67 59 71 80 86 101 101 90 84 91 59 89 90 81 75
## [18] 86 80 65 67 77 78 70 97 54 69 67 68 75 77 65
# Create a data frame of names and each team's wins
team.info <- data.frame(
BAL = wvBAL,
BOS = wvBOS,
DET = wvDET,
LA = wvLA,
PHI = wvPHI)
# Display the first few rows of the team.info data frame.
head(team.info)
## BAL BOS DET LA PHI
## 1 109 87 90 85 63
## 2 108 87 79 87 73
## 3 101 85 91 89 67
## 4 80 85 86 85 59
## 5 97 89 85 95 71
## 6 91 84 72 102 80
# Display boxplot of team.info data frame.
boxplot(team.info, col = rainbow(5), xlab = "MLB Team", ylab = "Wins")
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-9.png)
# Read information from senate.csv and store in "senate".
senate <- read.csv("http://kalathur.com/cs544/data/senate.csv", header = TRUE)
# Display first few rows of "senate".
head(senate)
## Name Years_in_office Party State Term_ends
## 1 Al Franken 8 Democratic Minnesota January 3, 2021
## 2 Amy Klobuchar 10 Democratic Minnesota January 3, 2019
## 3 Angus King 4 Independent Maine January 3, 2019
## 4 Ben Cardin 10 Democratic Maryland January 3, 2019
## 5 Ben Sasse 2 Republican Nebraska January 3, 2021
## 6 Bernie Sanders 10 Independent Vermont January 3, 2019
# Read information from house.csv and store in "house".
house <- read.csv("http://kalathur.com/cs544/data/house.csv", header = TRUE)
# Dispaly first few rows of "house".
head(house)
## Name Years_in_office Party District State
## 1 Adam Kinzinger 6 Republican District 16 Illinois
## 2 Adam Schiff 16 Democratic District 28 California
## 3 Adam Smith 20 Democratic District 9 Washington
## 4 Adrian Smith 10 Republican District 3 Nebraska
## 5 Adriano Espaillat 0 Democratic District 13 New York
## 6 Al Green 12 Democratic District 9 Texas
# Display the number of members by party affiliation in the senate.
table(senate$Party)
##
## Democratic Independent Republican
## 46 2 52
# Display the number of members by party affiliation in the house.
table(house$Party)
##
## Democratic Republican
## 193 237
# Display barplot of number of members by party affiliation in the senate.
barplot(table(senate$Party), col = c("blue", "purple", "red"), ylim = c(0, 60),
xlab = "Party Affiliation in Senate", ylab = "Number of Members")
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-10.png)
# Display barplot of number of members by party affiliation in the house.
barplot(table(house$Party), col = c("blue", "red"), ylim = c(0, 250),
xlab = "Party Affiliation in House", ylab = "Number of Members")
![](../../../../projects/analytics/data-exploration/2016-11-18-data-type-exploration-with-r_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-11.png)
# Display longest serving member in the senate.
senate$Name[max(senate$Years_in_office)]
## [1] Joe Manchin III
## 100 Levels: Al Franken Amy Klobuchar Angus King Ben Cardin ... Tom Udall
# Display longest serving member in the house.
house$Name[max(house$Years_in_office)]
## [1] Brendan Boyle
## 430 Levels: Adam Kinzinger Adam Schiff Adam Smith ... Zoe Lofgren
# Display table of term ending dates for "senate".
table(senate$Term_ends)
##
## January 3, 2019 January 3, 2021 January 3, 2023
## 34 32 34
# Use suggested gsub function to take values of house$District and isolate state; store in "State" vector.
State <- gsub("^(.+),.*" , "\\1" , house$District)
# Add the State vector as a column to the "house" data frame.
house$State <- State
# Display first few rows of "house" table with new "State" column.
head(house)
## Name Years_in_office Party District State
## 1 Adam Kinzinger 6 Republican District 16 District 16
## 2 Adam Schiff 16 Democratic District 28 District 28
## 3 Adam Smith 20 Democratic District 9 District 9
## 4 Adrian Smith 10 Republican District 3 District 3
## 5 Adriano Espaillat 0 Democratic District 13 District 13
## 6 Al Green 12 Democratic District 9 District 9
# Display table with number of representatives for each state.
table(house$State)
##
## At-Large District District 1 District 10 District 11
## 6 43 13 12
## District 12 District 13 District 14 District 15
## 11 10 9 7
## District 16 District 17 District 18 District 19
## 7 6 6 4
## District 2 District 20 District 21 District 22
## 43 4 4 4
## District 23 District 24 District 25 District 26
## 4 4 4 4
## District 27 District 28 District 29 District 3
## 4 2 2 38
## District 30 District 31 District 32 District 33
## 2 2 2 2
## District 34 District 35 District 36 District 37
## 1 2 2 1
## District 38 District 39 District 4 District 40
## 1 1 34 1
## District 41 District 42 District 43 District 44
## 1 1 1 1
## District 45 District 46 District 47 District 48
## 1 1 1 1
## District 49 District 5 District 50 District 51
## 1 28 1 1
## District 52 District 53 District 6 District 7
## 1 1 25 24
## District 8 District 9
## 21 17
# Display state with highest number of representatives.
table(house$State)[which(table(house$State) == max(table(house$State)))]
##
## District 1 District 2
## 43 43
# Display state(s) with lowest number of representatives.
table(house$State)[which(table(house$State) == min(table(house$State)))]
##
## District 34 District 37 District 38 District 39 District 40 District 41
## 1 1 1 1 1 1
## District 42 District 43 District 44 District 45 District 46 District 47
## 1 1 1 1 1 1
## District 48 District 49 District 50 District 51 District 52 District 53
## 1 1 1 1 1 1
References